Signal Transduction in Systemic Immunity

MyD88: a critical adaptor protein in innate immunity signal transduction.

Signal transduction.

This issue of Breast Disease focuses on the subject of signal transduction and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of human breast cancer. Within the past 10 years, the explosion in our knowledge of these processes has significantly altered our understanding of breast cancer, and resulted in the first receptor-based therapies. This issue examines a variety of relevant signaling pathway...

Noisy signal amplification in ultrasensitive signal transduction.

Because intracellular processes are inherently noisy, stochastic reactions process noisy signals in cellular signal transduction. One essential feature of biological signal transduction systems is the amplification of small changes in input signals. However, small random changes in the input signals could also be amplified, and the transduction reaction can also generate noise. Here, we show th...

Signal transduction in mesangial cells.

Phenotype, growth, and functional characteristics of glomerular mesangial "myofibroblasts" are under the control of multiple hormones, vasoactive agents, autacoids, and cytokines. Several parallel signal transduction pathways couple receptor occupancy with functional changes, including phospholipases C, A2, and D breakdown of membrane phospholipids, and adenylate/guanylate cyclase activation. C...

Signal transduction in T lymphocytes.

T lymphocytes utilize a variety of surface receptors to transmit environmental signals across the plasma membrane and initiate biochemical events leading to responses such as proliferation, anergy, cytokine secretion, and death. The T cell receptor complex, CD28, IL-2 receptor, and CD95 each couple to distinct sets of cytoplasmic signaling events to modulate the biological responses of T cells....